June: The Eight Legged Disapprove Machine

Eight Legs, No Apologies:
A Field Guide to
British Spiders

There are 680 species of spider in the UK. None of them want anything to do with you. Here's what they are, what they do, and why your brain is lying to you about all of it.

Spider web covered in morning dew at dawn

There are 680 species of spider in the UK. Only a handful are ever seen in your house. None of them want anything to do with you. This is worth repeating, because the part of your brain responsible for fear is not interested in nuance and will need telling several times. (We'll get to my brain specifically in a moment.)

From late spring through early summer, British spiders are reaching adulthood. The ones you spot in hedgerows, long grass and woodland edges right now are at their most visible, their most active, and, if you can get past the initial flinch, their most extraordinary. This is the best time of year to look properly.

"Studies have estimated that the world's spiders collectively eat more insects annually than the entire human race consumes in food. Every spider in your garden is doing quiet, unpaid pest control around the clock."

What spiders actually do

They eat insects. Vast quantities of insects. A single garden spider can consume thousands of flies, mosquitoes, aphids and midges in a season. Remove spiders from an ecosystem and the insect population explodes within weeks.

They also pollinate. Less efficiently than bees, but it happens. They aerate soil. Their webs catch dew and contribute to local moisture. They are, in the driest possible ecological terms, load-bearing.

The six species you're most likely to meet

Common house spider on floor
Common House Spider
Tegenaria / Eratigena species
The one responsible for most of the drama. Large, hairy, dark brown, and capable of a leg span of up to 10cm, which is the measurement that ends most people's evenings. Completely harmless. The males spend autumn roaming the house looking for mates, which is when they tend to be seen dashing across floors at speed in the direction of your foot. They are not heading for you. They are simply in a hurry and have poor spatial awareness.
Corners · Under furniture · Behind everything · Your bath
Garden spider on orb web
Garden Spider
Araneus diadematus
The classic. Orb web, cream cross of dots on the abdomen, sits dead centre in the web waiting. Completely harmless. Builds a new web almost every day, consuming the old one for the protein. If you're going to start somewhere with spiders, start here.
Gardens · Hedgerows · Woodland edge
Zebra jumping spider on a stone wall
Zebra Jumping Spider
Salticus scenicus
Small, black and white striped, found on sunny walls and fences. Has forward-facing eyes enormous relative to its body. Does not build a web. Stalks its prey like a cat. Will turn to face you if you look at it. Unsettling and completely brilliant in equal measure.
Sunny walls · Fences · Garden paths
Daddy long legs spider in ceiling corner
Daddy Long Legs Spider
Pholcus phalangioides
The one in the corner of your ceiling. Pale, fragile-looking, almost translucent. When threatened it vibrates so fast in its web it becomes a blur. Feeds on other spiders including false widows, making it arguably your most useful lodger. If you can bring yourself to leave it alone, it is quietly solving problems you don't even know you have.
Indoor corners · Cellars · Outbuildings
False widow spider in shed
False Widow
Steatoda nobilis
Gets more press than it deserves. Yes, it can bite. No, it almost never does unprovoked. The bite is roughly equivalent to a wasp sting for most people. The tabloid coverage has been wildly disproportionate to the actual risk. Although when I'm tending my tomatoes, I'm wearing a glove.
Sheds · Garages · My tomatoes
Water spider underwater in diving bell
Water Spider
Argyroneta aquatica
The only spider in the world that lives entirely underwater. Builds a diving bell from silk, fills it with air bubbles carried from the surface, and lives inside it. Found in clean ponds and slow rivers across the UK. This one is a specialist find and worth actively seeking out. If you locate one, consider yourself genuinely lucky.
Clean ponds · Slow rivers · Wetland · Worth the effort

Why your brain hates them

Arachnophobia affects roughly one in three women and one in five men to some degree, making it one of the most common specific phobias in the world. (So if you're reading this under a blanket with the light on, we are BFF's.) The current thinking is that it's a combination of three things.

Evolutionary priming. Humans evolved in environments where some spiders were genuinely dangerous. The brain developed a fast-response threat detection system that erred heavily on the side of caution. Better to flinch at a harmless spider a thousand times than to ignore a venomous one once. That system is still running in a country where no spider poses any meaningful threat to a healthy adult, and it hasn't had the memo. (The memo was sent. It was not opened.)

Disgust sensitivity. Spiders trigger the same neural pathways as contamination threats. The fast movement, the unpredictability, the multiple legs. The brain files them under wrong rather than dangerous, which is a harder category to reason your way out of.

Cultural transmission. Children who grow up around adults who react to spiders with fear learn to fear them. The phobia is partly inherited and partly downloaded. Which means it can, to some extent, be undownloaded.

Spider web in morning light A close-up of the common house spider. Not an image I want to be retouching on a large monitor with no lights on. Never again.

A personal note, from someone who has genuinely slept in a different house, in a different postcode.

I should be honest here. I wrote everything above about evolutionary priming and ecological load-bearing and the extraordinary underwater spider with the full knowledge that if one runs across my bedroom floor after dark, I will, hysterically, consider my options. And those options may include the sleeping in the spare room after sellotaping every crack and crevice, weighing up the pros and cons of moving to the Arctic, or in at least one documented case, leaving the building entirely to sleep somewhere else. I was hoping in the sky. This is why Australia isn't on my to-do list.

I can trace it back, as these things often can be traced, to a specific moment. I was in my cot. A spider landed in it. My mother was talking to a neighbour and didn't rush to intervene. I have no idea if the spider was large or small, dangerous or benign. My infant brain did not wait around to find out. It made a filing decision that has proven remarkably resistant to revision ever since.

Years later a friend called Steve, who was genuinely trying to help, owned a Chilean Rose-Kneed tarantula as a pet. One evening, somewhere between the second and third drink, he announced that we should go back to his house and he would get me to hold it. I considered this proposal carefully and concluded that the correct response was to keep buying rounds until the tarantula plan quietly "dissolved". It took some commitment on my part. Steve was a big drinker. But I got there, and we did eventually go back to his house, where we both passed out without incident and the tarantula was never mentioned again. I consider this one of my more creative solutions to a problem.

And back to the other story, the irony is that my mother, a gardener, had no particular issue with spiders at all. Frogs and toads, on the other hand, she couldn't bear. Which I find completely baffling, because frogs and toads are wonderful and I will go slightly out of my way to find one. (A frog sitting on a stone in the rain is one of the great sights in British nature.) The fear instinct is not rational, it is not consistent across families, and it does not respond well to being told to just get over it.

So if you're reading this from a different room to the one a spider is currently occupying, I understand completely. We're working on it. Together, apparently, at arm's length.

What you can actually do about it

Exposure therapy
A very long Tuesday: the graduated approach
  • Start with a photo of a spider. A small one. On a screen. From across the room if necessary. Nothing bad will happen.
  • Move to a more detailed photo. Then a video. Let the fear response fire and notice that it subsides. That subsiding is the point.
  • Find a spider in a sealed container. A jam jar. Across the room. Stay with it until the initial response quietens.
  • Move closer over time. Not in one session. Over days or weeks. The brain files each non-catastrophic exposure as evidence against the threat assessment.
  • The goal is not to hold a tarantula. The goal is to share a room with a ceiling spider without it ruining the evening. Aim low. That's fine. Aim low. (I'm sure it's fine.)

There's also a cognitive reframe that genuinely helps some people. Spiders are not interested in you. You are enormous, warm, loud and completely inedible from a spider's perspective. The spider in your bathroom is not waiting for you. It got lost looking for insects and it is, in all likelihood, considerably more alarmed than you are. (This is comforting until it moves. Then I'm afraid I will definitely win the "most alarmed" prize.)

One thing to do this June

Find a garden spider web in the morning when the dew is still on it. Don't touch it. Just look at it. Count the radial threads. Notice the spiral. It took about an hour to build and it's stronger by weight than steel.

Then see how you feel about the architect. (From here. We'll stay here.)

A note from us
This is part of a series.

The Quieter Field Notes go out on the first of every month. Each edition covers what's worth noticing outside that month. If this was useful, the newsletter is better. Sign up at quieter.life.

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